Finite element analysis (FEA) covers a variety of simulation and modeling techniques and can significantly improve product development by streamlining testing and design. Using FEA to test and optimize throughout the design process ultimately helps your team create better products faster. But the question remains: What is finite element analysis?

What Is Finite Element Analysis (FEA)?

FEA Definition

Finite element analysis (FEA) uses the practical application of the finite element method (FEM) mathematics to model complex geometric shapes. FEM divides complex geometries with unknown structural behaviors into simplified geometric elements, also known as an FEM mesh. Then, matrix equations are developed and solved at geometric boundaries to compute the strains and displacements within the model when forces such as heat and vibration are applied.

Finite element analysis (FEA) applies the finite element method (FEM) of mathematics to predict how complex geometric models will react to forces in the real world and understand points of failure.

FEA Benefits

Using FEA early and often in the design process helps teams understand points of failure so they can be optimized before physical prototyping, ultimately saving time and money thanks to:

  • Improved accuracy: FEA leverages the power of digital tools for improved accuracy in calculating model stresses—far superior to calculations done by hand using a physical model.
  • Conditional boundaries: A variety of conditional boundaries can be applied to models, such as thermal effects, distributed forces, and point forces, to determine reactions to different conditions.
  • Advanced digital prototyping: Physical prototypes are expensive, but a key FEA capability is digitally analyzing real-world stresses on models.
  • Detailed visualizations: Complex visualization models give engineers an x-ray-like view into the interiors and exteriors of objects so vulnerabilities can be identified and fixed throughout the design process.

Simulation is best conducted early and often in the design process to optimize product development and accelerate time to market.

FEA Use Cases

There is a range of FEA use cases that apply the mathematical applications of FEM. Here are just a few:

Computational Fluid Dynamics

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) helps engineers model fluid flows using computer-aided design (CAD) software to visualize them in real life. It's a critical part of any simulation stack as it helps designers understand real-world elements that may not be visible to the naked eye, like airflow and other pressures. Analyzing these elements ensures products can be modified to operate as intended.

Modal Analysis

Modal analysis reveals the impacts of vibrations on a model. For example, engineers can input the mass and rigidity of a structure to determine where it naturally resonates to guide required changes.

Structural Analysis

Structural analysis determines the impacts of static and dynamic loads on assemblies, parts, and mechanisms. Designs can be modified to prevent failure associated with intended use by understanding how these components work under various constraints. Using these simulation tools early and often in the design process helps uncover flaws to improve product development and quality.

Thermal Analysis

Thermal analysis investigates how the properties of materials change as temperatures change. The need for this analysis is evident in certain industries, such as aeronautics, but it should be implemented across all types of products.

To create quality products, teams must understand how their prototypes will operate in the real world under various stresses and conditions.

Get Started with Finite Element Analysis

Ready to implement finite element analysis into your engineering operations? PTC offers a range of CAD solutions that leverage FEA benefits, so your team can focus on designing better products faster.

For example, Creo Simulate Live enables real-time simulation and analysis of design changes. Instead of waiting hours for simulations to run, teams can iterate quickly to determine the best solution. Interested in learning more? Just contact us, and we will put you in touch with one of our FEA experts.

What is Finite Element Analysis? FAQs

What is finite element analysis (FEA)?

Finite element analysis is a simulation approach that applies the finite element method (FEM) to predict how complex geometric models will respond to real-world forces and to identify likely points of failure. It works by breaking complex geometry into smaller elements, then solving for how the model behaves under conditions such as heat or vibration.

What is finite element analysis (FEA) used for?

FEA is used to test and optimize designs before physical prototyping so that teams can build better products faster. It helps engineers evaluate response to real-world stresses and conditions, including structural loads, vibration, temperature changes, and fluid behavior.

What are the main benefits of finite element analysis (FEA)?

FEA can improve accuracy, reduce reliance on expensive physical prototypes, and give engineers detailed visualizations of where a design may be vulnerable. It also allows engineers to apply various boundary conditions, such as thermal effects or point forces, enabling teams to evaluate performance earlier in the design process and save time and money.

What's the difference between finite element analysis (FEA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD)?

FEA is a broader simulation approach used to analyze how models behave under real-world conditions, while CFD is a specific use case focused on modeling fluid flow and behavior. CFD helps engineers understand things such as airflow and pressure that may not be visible otherwise, while FEA more broadly supports a range of simulation and design analyses.

What software is used for finite element analysis (FEA)?

Multiple CAD-based tools support simulation, including PTC solutions such as Creo Simulate Live and Creo Simulate. These tools let teams run simulations as part of the design workflow, enabling them to evaluate designs and implement appropriate modifications more quickly.

What kinds of analysis can finite element analysis (FEA) include?

FEA can include computational fluid dynamics, modal, structural, and thermal analyses. Together, these methods help engineers understand flow behavior, vibration, loading, and material response to temperature changes.

Why should teams use finite element analysis (FEA) early in the design process?

Using FEA early helps teams uncover flaws and potential failure points before investing in physical prototypes. That makes it easier to optimize designs sooner, improve product quality, and increase speed-to-market.